Varanasi Manikarnika Ghat is one of the most famous ghats (riverfront steps) in Varanasi, India. It is located on the western bank of the Ganges River and is a major pilgrimage site for Hindus. The ghat is known for its cremation ceremonies, which are believed to be a gateway to moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth).
Manikarnika Ghat History
Manikarnika Ghat isn’t just a burning ghat; it’s a portal to the past, whispering ancient tales through its flames. Its history is layered, woven with myth, legend, and the unwavering belief in the cycle of life and death.
The Elusive Origins:
Pinpointing the exact origin of Manikarnika Ghat proves to be a challenging task. While some accounts credit Raja Manikarnika, a king of Kashi, with its creation in the 11th century, others suggest a more ancient lineage, placing its existence as far back as the Vedic period (1500-500 BCE). Archaeological evidence, like Gupta inscriptions from the 5th century CE mentioning the ghat, further solidify its historical significance.
Mythology Intertwines with History:
Two prominent myths intertwine with the ghat’s history, adding layers of cultural and religious significance:
1. The Story of Sati:
Hindu mythology narrates the tale of Sati, the consort of Lord Shiva, who immolated herself in protest against her father’s disrespect towards her husband. Overcome with grief, Shiva carried her burning body across the land. To alleviate his sorrow, Lord Vishnu used his divine chakra to dismember the body, with each piece falling to different locations on Earth. These sites became revered as Shakti Peethas, powerful pilgrimage centers where aspects of the divine feminine are worshipped. Manikarnika Ghat holds a special place in this narrative, believed to be one of these, where Sati’s earrings (Manikarnika in Sanskrit) are said to have landed.
2. The Legend of Manikarnika Kund:
Another popular legend unveils the story of Lord Vishnu and Goddess Parvati. As they stood near a sacred pond named Chakrapushkarni (located within Manikarnika Ghat), Parvati’s earring fell into the water. The pond was then renamed Manikarnika Kund, further solidifying its association with the lost earring.
A Beacon of Spiritual Importance:
Beyond its historical and mythological significance, Manikarnika Ghat holds immense value in the Hindu faith:
- The holiest cremation ground: Hindus believe that cremation here grants them moksha, liberation from the cycle of rebirth. This belief stems from the Puranas, ancient scriptures that mention the ghat’s unique sanctity.
- A Shakti Peeth: The association with Sati elevates the ghat’s spiritual power, attracting devotees seeking blessings from the divine feminine.
- A renowned pilgrimage site: As one of the five major ghats in Varanasi, Manikarnika Ghat draws millions of pilgrims each year, seeking spiritual solace and blessings.
The Legacy Continues:
The ghat continues to be a bustling center of activity, pulsating with the rhythm of life and death. Traditional cremation ceremonies, a testament to the cyclical nature of existence, unfold constantly. The air carries the scent of sandalwood and incense, while chants and prayers resonate throughout the ghat.
Manikarnika Ghat Rituals and Significance
The rituals performed at Manikarnika Ghat are deeply rooted in Hindu faith and customs. These rituals are believed to guide the deceased towards moksha, liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Here’s a glimpse into the key rituals:
- Preparation: The deceased’s body is bathed in the holy Ganges River, considered a purifying act. They are then wrapped in a saffron cloth, symbolizing purity and renunciation.
- Sandalwood and Incense: Sandalwood paste and incense are applied to the body, believed to ward off evil spirits and promote a peaceful transition.
- Yajna (Fire sacrifice): A small fire sacrifice is performed, offering prayers and oblations to the gods.
- Procession to the Ghat: The body is carried on a bamboo stretcher to the designated pyre on the ghat.
- Cremation: The eldest male family member lights the pyre, igniting the wood and beginning the cremation process.
- Ghatri (Prayers and Chanting): Throughout the cremation, priests chant mantras and prayers, guiding the soul towards the afterlife.
- Offerings and Ash Immersion: Family members offer flowers, rice, and other items to the deceased. After cremation, the ashes are collected and scattered in the Ganges, considered a final act of liberation.
Significance: Beyond the Rituals
The rituals at Manikarnika Ghat hold immense significance for Hindus:
- Attaining Moksha: The belief is that cremation at Manikarnika Ghat breaks the cycle of rebirth and facilitates the soul’s journey towards moksha.
- Fulfilling Last Wishes: It is seen as fulfilling the deceased’s last wish, as many Hindus desire cremation on the banks of the sacred Ganges.
- Honoring Ancestral Traditions: Performing these rituals honors generations-old traditions and connects families to their ancestors.
- Spiritual Significance: The entire process is considered a sacred act, fostering spiritual growth and acceptance of the transitory nature of life.
How to Reach Manikarnika Ghat
Manikarnika Ghat is situated on the western bank of the Ganges River in Varanasi, India. Here are how you can reach Manikarnika Ghat:
By Train:
- The nearest railway station to Manikarnika Ghat is Varanasi Junction Railway Station, located around 3 kilometers away.
- From the station, you can:
- Take a taxi: This is the most convenient option, and the ride should take around 5-10 minutes depending on traffic. The fare is approximately ₹150 – ₹190.
- Take an auto rickshaw: This is a more affordable option than a taxi, but it may take slightly longer, around 10-15 minutes. The fare is approximately ₹50 – ₹80.
- Walk: If you are feeling adventurous and have some time, you can walk to the ghat from the station. This will take around 30-45 minutes.
By Bus:
- If you are coming to Varanasi by bus, you will likely arrive at the Varanasi Bus Stand, which is located about 5 kilometers from Manikarnika Ghat.
- From the bus stand, you can take a taxi, auto rickshaw, or rickshaw to the ghat. The journey should take around 10-15 minutes by taxi or auto rickshaw, and the fare will be similar to the prices mentioned above.
By Rickshaw:
- You can also take a rickshaw directly to Manikarnika Ghat from any point in Varanasi. However, it is important to negotiate the fare beforehand to avoid getting overcharged.
By Boat:
- Another option is to take a boat ride on the Ganges River to Manikarnika Ghat. This is a scenic option, especially during sunrise or sunset. You can hire a boat from any of the ghats along the river, and the price will vary depending on the distance and the number of people in your group.
Manikarnika Ghat Varanasi Timings
As we know, ManikarnikaMahashamshanGhat is a cremation site in the city of Varanasi, so there are no particular timings for the visit, the ghat remains open 24 hours. Also, it is requested from the visitors to maintain calm and peace around here to avoid taking pictures at the Varanasi Manikarnika Ghat.
Where is Manikarnika Ghat?
Address: Near Rajendra Prasad Ghat, Garawasi, Jugul Tola, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221001, India
Manikarnika Ghat Varanasi is located on a mesmerizing front of the Ganga River. The ghat is adjacent to other two famous ghats of the city name, DashashwamedhaGhat and ScindiaGhat. One can easily reach the ghat from the airport as well as from the landmark Varanasi Junction Railway Station. You can book a taxi from the railway station or the airport. Other means of transport available to reach the ghat are rickshaws, public buses, application-based cabs, etc. Thus, you can reach the ghat in a hassle-free manner. Down here is a distance guide between the landmark places of Varanasi and ManikarnikaGhat :
Varanasi Junction to ManikarnikaGhat Distance | 5 kilometers (20 minutes) |
ManikarnikaGhat to Kashi Vishwanath Temple Distance | 500 meters (5 minutes) |
BHU to ManikarnikaGhat Distance | 5.5 kilometers (25 minutes) |
Distance between ManikarnikaGhat and DashashwamedhaGhat | 1.5 kilometers (10 minutes) |
Best time to visit Manikarnika Ghat
The ideal time to visit Manikarnika Ghat is during the cooler months, which span from October to March. Here’s why this period is considered the best:
Pleasant Weather: During these months, the temperatures in Varanasi range from a comfortable 5°C to 32°C. This makes it more bearable to explore the ghat and its surroundings, especially during the day when the sun is high.
Fewer Crowds: While Varanasi is a popular tourist destination throughout the year, the peak season generally falls between April and September. Visiting during the cooler months allows you to experience the ghat with slightly fewer crowds, making it easier to navigate the area and observe the rituals with respect.
Festivals: If you’re interested in experiencing the cultural and religious aspects of the ghat, consider visiting during specific festivals. Dev Deepawali, celebrated on the full moon of the Hindu month of Kartika (usually falling in November), showcases the ghats illuminated with thousands of earthen lamps, creating a mesmerizing spectacle. Additionally, Maha Shivaratri, dedicated to Lord Shiva, often takes place in February or March (depending on the lunar calendar) and brings a vibrant atmosphere to the city with its plethora of religious activities.
What to see and explore at Manikarnika Ghat?
Here’s what you can see and explore at Manikarnika Ghat:
1. Witnessing Cremation Ceremonies (with Respect):
- While observing cremation ceremonies is an integral part of visiting Manikarnika Ghat, it’s crucial to approach it with utmost respect and sensitivity. Remember, photography is strictly prohibited. Maintain silence and observe the rituals from a respectful distance.
2. Delving into the Rituals:
- Look beyond the flames and observe the intricate rituals associated with cremation. You might witness:
- Preparation: Family members applying sandalwood paste and flowers to the body.
- Prayers and Offerings: Priests chanting mantras and offering prayers throughout the cremation process.
- Final Rites: Family members offering final offerings like flowers and rice after cremation.
3. Exploring the Ghats and Surroundings:
- Manikarnika Ghat is one of many ghats along the Ganges. Take a walk along the riverfront and explore the other ghats, each with its unique history and cultural significance. You might encounter:
- Sadhus (holy men): Dressed in saffron robes, they offer a glimpse into the spiritual life of Hinduism.
- Pilgrims: Witness their devotion as they offer prayers and perform rituals.
- Local Vendors: Selling various wares, including vibrant marigolds used in religious ceremonies.
- Historical Sites: Like the Durga Temple and the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, showcasing architectural beauty and historical importance.
4. Experiencing the Cultural Mosaic:
- The area around the ghat pulsates with life. Immerse yourself in the sights, sounds, and atmosphere:
- Listen to the rhythmic chants echoing through the air.
- Observe the vibrant colors of clothing and flower offerings.
- Engage in respectful conversations with locals (if comfortable) to learn about their customs and traditions.
5. Visiting Nearby Temples:
- Several temples located near Manikarnika Ghat offer spiritual significance and architectural beauty. Some notable ones include:
- Tarkeshwar Shiv Temple: Dedicated to Lord Shiva and believed to be built by Raja Manikarnika.
- Manikarnika Vinayak Temple: Dedicated to Lord Ganesha, the remover of obstacles.
- Rani Bhavani Temple: Dedicated to Goddess Durga, a form of Parvati.
Manikarnika Ghat Fire
The fire at Manikarnika Ghat is not a single, constantly burning entity. Instead, it’s a continuous cycle of individual cremation pyres fueled by wood and other combustible materials. These pyres are lit using a small flame from a nearby “eternal fire,” believed to have been burning for centuries.
Here are some key aspects of the fire at Manikarnika Ghat:
1. Not a Single, Eternal Flame: While often referred to as an “eternal flame,” it’s essential to understand that the fire at Manikarnika Ghat is not a single, constantly burning entity. It’s a continuous process of individual pyres being lit, burning, and eventually dying down. Each cremation ceremony uses a separate pyre, which is lit using the flame from a small, designated source within the ghat complex.
2. Source of the Flame: The source of the flame used to ignite new pyres is often referred to as the “eternal fire.” According to local beliefs, this fire has been burning continuously for several centuries (some accounts say over 3500 years). However, the exact historical accuracy of this claim is not definitively established.
3. Fuel Used: Cremation pyres at Manikarnika Ghat are primarily fueled by wood specifically procured for this purpose. Additionally, clarified butter (ghee) and other combustible materials might be used to aid the burning process.
4. Significance of the Fire: The fire at Manikarnika Ghat holds immense religious significance for Hindus. Cremation at this ghat is believed to aid the deceased soul in attaining moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth). The continuous nature of the fire symbolizes the cycle of life and death and the ever-present presence of spiritual transformation.
5. Respectful Observation: It is crucial to approach Manikarnika Ghat with respect and sensitivity. Observe the fire and cremation ceremonies silently and from a respectful distance. Photography of the ceremonies is strictly prohibited.
Conclusion
Manikarnika Ghat, a sacred space on the Ganges, is a poignant blend of history, spirituality, and the impermanence of life. Witnessing the ever-burning flames and the rituals of cremation offer a glimpse into Hindu beliefs about death, liberation, and the cycle of existence. While observing these practices requires utmost respect, a visit to Manikarnika Ghat can be a profound and enriching experience.